You know there is nothing in the archery fighting style that requires it to be a bow. It says +2 attack bonus to ranged attack. So have a high strength character that specializes in javelins.
Sadly, no. The archery fighting style has to be with a "ranged weapon". A javelin is a simple melee weapon that can be thrown. Same with sharp shooter.
Basically, don't expect to be particularly effective at range unless you're a dex based character. I think that's silly and have house rules ... but officially it doesn't work.