Yep, it does cut off using the Chrome built-in print to PDF functionality.
Check out the Print Friendly add-in for Chrome:
https://bendingbranches.com/blogs/resources/the-best-canoe-trip-portage-pack.
It allows you to scale images without shrinking the text. You can do the same thing by entering some javascript into the F12 console, this extension is just more convenient. It does, however, shrink ALL the images, which doesn't give a great result in a situation like this where you just one problematic image. It allows you to remove images or individual elements from a page before printing, but doesn't allow you to resize individual element, unfortunately.
You could probably write some javascript to shrink only select images, but that's not very convenient if you run into this issue often and do a lot of printing from websites.
Nearly any other idea I can think of off the top of my head requires even more busy work. E.g.: download as webpage complete, resize the problem image, open the HTML file and print.
I looked at whether I could print to PDF as normal and resize the image in Adobe Acrobat. I can, but...when the image is split across two pages it become two images in the PDF. So you can't just select the image and resize it to fit to one page.
For something like this, I can at least print the entire adventure to a ~25 page PDF, even fewer pages if I shrink down the images before printing. Then download and print the map images separately. It isn't that much time to prep for an entire adventure. But if you have websites with the adventure split over many separate pages, it would be a pain.