Plaguescarred
Hero
While it was the case in 4E, the thrown property doesn't state that anymore in 5E.From p. 45 of D&D Basic Rules v1.0
Handaxe 5 gp 1d6 slashing 2 lb. Light, thrown (range 20/60)
It's got a range listing (and so do javelins, tridents, and spears) so it counts for me IF it's being used as a range weapon.
Name Cost Damage Weight Properties
Simple Melee Weapons
Handaxe 5 gp 1d6 slashing 2 lb. Light, thrown (range 20/60)
The thrown property even further specify that if its a melee weapon you use the same ability modifier for that attack roll and damage roll that you would use for a melee attack with the weapon.