If you want a psionic PC race, you need to tie them to a psionic monster type. Eberron does this with kalashtar by inventing the quori, but that's very setting specific and never really got too popular because the quori are new and niche. And that's the problem with every new psionic PC race. They get bundled with the brand new psionic monsters in the psionic splatbook, and no one cares about the monsters or the PC race outside of the small number of devoted psionics fans.
Really, if you wanted a psionic PC race to take off, it's pretty obvious what needs to be done. They need to be tied to the illithid somehow. Maybe not too directly, since it's a very specialized taste to want to be a squidhead, but more directly than the duergar are. Because mind flayers are the most iconic and well established psionic monster in D&D, and that makes them the only hope for a psionic PC race to take off.