Many spell components were indeed humorous, but often references to colloquialisms, science, or general culture rather than specifically pop culture.
The copper piece needed for the ESP (later renamed Detect Thoughts) spell, from the phrase "A penny for your thoughts."
Marbles are needed for the Feeblemind spell, as in "He's lost his marbles."
Sand for the Sleep spell (the Sandman).
Message needing copper wire (like telephone lines)
A white feather (symbol of cowardice, especially in WWI) or a hen's heart ("chickenhearted") for the Fear spell
Fireball wants bat guano and sulphur (like you'd need for gunpowder)
Lightning Bolt an amber or glass rod and piece of fur (which you can rub together to get sparks)
Three shells for Confusion (the shell game).
Sesame seeds for Passwall ("Open Sesame!") is definitely a pop culture reference, though.