I like aboleth or grell as "alien" monsters, even more than mind flayer.
My personal favorite is probably avolakia, but I don't think it's appeared in 5e officially?
From the MM:
Flumph
Grell, Grick
Hook Horror
Mimic
Modrons
Nothic
Iron Golem (as a robot)
Shield Guardian (as a robot)
Also, some of these came from Barrier Peaks, so they should count:
Intellect Devourer
Illithid
Vegpgymies (VGtM)
Tri-flower frond (ToA)
Froghemoth (VGtM)
Sheep-in-Wolf’s Clothing (MME3)
Bulette (though questionable if it was collected in space)