Creating a Phylactery traps the soul of the Wizard in the Phylactery. The Lich's intelligence can escape, so it can occupy the undead corpse body, but the soul is permanently inside of the Phylactery.
The Clone only activates if the soul is able and willing to go into the Clone. A Clone will remain inert and ready to accept a soul for an indefinite period of time, so long as it's vessel is undisturbed. The wizard can only be Cloned at a time before they become a Lich, and must not become a Lich before the 120 days it takes for the Clone to mature.
However, if the Phylactery is destroyed, then the soul is freed, typically going to whatever evil afterlife the lich earned for themselves. It is at this point where the soul could be intercepted by the Clone, provided the Clone is still in the vessel, and the vessel is still undisturbed after however many years something like this would take.